The fever, not the vaccine, causes the seizure. Most febrile seizures produce no lasting effects. Simple febrile seizures don't cause brain damage, intellectual disability or learning disabilities, and they don't mean your child has a more serious underlying disorder.
Febrile seizures are provoked seizures and don't indicate epilepsy. Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal electrical signals in the brain. The most common complication is the possibility of more febrile seizures.
The risk of recurrence is higher if:. Most febrile seizures occur in the first few hours of a fever, during the initial rise in body temperature. Giving your child infants' or children's acetaminophen Tylenol, others or ibuprofen Advil, Motrin, others at the beginning of a fever may make your child more comfortable, but it won't prevent a seizure. Use caution when giving aspirin to children or teenagers.
Though aspirin is approved for use in children older than age 3, children and teenagers recovering from chickenpox or flu-like symptoms should never take aspirin. This is because aspirin has been linked to Reye's syndrome, a rare but potentially life-threatening condition, in such children.
Rarely, prescription anticonvulsant medications are used to try to prevent febrile seizures. However, these medications can have serious side effects that may outweigh any possible benefit.
Rectal diazepam Diastat or nasal midazolam might be prescribed to be used as needed for children who are prone to long febrile seizures. These medications are typically used to treat seizures that last longer than five minutes or if the child has more than one seizure within 24 hours.
They are not typically used to prevent febrile seizures. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview A febrile seizure is a convulsion in a child that's caused by a fever. We further obtained partial viral RNA sequences from ticks and domesticated animals by RT-PCR assays, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were closely related to those present in human patients Table S10 and Figure S12 , suggesting that they may function the potential vectors and animal reservoirs for this emerging virus, respectively.
The most common symptoms of the 67 BJNV-infected patients were fever 67 patients and headache 66 patients. Other clinical findings included depression 42 patients , coma 42 patients , fatigue 36 patients , myalgia or arthralgia 30 patients , poor appetite 24 patients , and skin rashes or petechiae 21 patients.
Laboratory testing revealed an elevated level of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in Multiple organ dysfunction was seen, with the most common organ damage of liver, followed by heart and kidney.
Most patients were treated with a combination of benzylpenicillin sodium and ribavirin. Benzylpenicillin sodium was administered 4 million units per day intramuscularly, and ribavirin was 0. The symptoms usually disappeared after treatment for 7—14 days. For the critically ill patients, mechanical ventilation was needed immediately when respiratory failure developed. The infected animals showed significant weight loss at 6, 9, 12, and 15 days post-infection dpi as compared to the control group Figure 5 A.
Histopathological analysis showed thickened alveoli septum and infiltrated inflammatory cells in the lung tissues and hepatocyte swelling and infiltrated inflammatory cells in the liver tissues Figure 5 D, 5E. Animal infection with BJNV infection.
Viral loads were presented by common logarithm. Pathological changes of the lung D and hepatic E tissues were observed. The present study provided virological, epidemiological, and experimental results of the newly discovered nairo-like virus BJNV, showing that it may be the etiological agent responsible for the febrile illness in northeastern China. BJNV RNA was detected in 67 patients who had the clinical symptoms of fever and headache, while absent in healthy population.
The virus has been isolated from the patients, and can infect several human cell lines. The isolated virus could cause disease in suckling mice that produce growth retardation, viremia, and histopathological changes.
Re-isolated virus from the infected suckling mice could also induce viremia and histopathological changes in suckling mice. Interestingly, BJNV belongs to a cluster of nairo-like viruses that are genetically closely related to nairoviruses, but seem to be different from the typical nairovirus species, as they are all apparently missing the medium M segment that codes for the viral glycoproteins. This nairo-like cluster consists of possible two other distinct viruses, including South Bay virus found in the United States of America and Grotenhout virus found in Belgium [ 4 , 6 ].
Recently, two viruses, including Pustyn virus found in Russia and Norway nairovirus 1 found in Norway, are very closely related viruses to Grotenhout virus, suggesting that Grotenhout virus has an extended geographical spread.
Therefore, these ticks may be candidate vectors of BJNV, and the virus may also have a wide geographical distribution. Our study has limitations.
Firstly, we failed to obtain the potential medium segment of BJNV using meta-transcriptomics analysis Supplementary material , as it usually encodes the glycoproteins in the typical nairoviruses.
It is possible that the glycoprotein gene of these viruses may be highly divergent, or even non-homologous sequences. Surprisingly, the same phenomenon is also present in some newly discovered species in both phleboviruses e. Tacheng tick virus 1 and chuviruses e.
However, the biological significance and cause of the incomplete viral genomes require further investigation. Thirdly, only serum specimens were obtained from the acute phase of the illness, and the serum specimens at the convalescent phases should also be collected to determine dynamic changes of virus-specific antibodies.
Ticks can transmit a large number of pathogens to humans, in which most infections may show similar clinical characteristics [ 2 , 28 ].
Central nervous system symptoms often occur in meningitis, encephalitis and TBEV infection. Patients with SFTSV or anaplasmosis are manifested as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and Babesia infection presents with pyretotyposis, splenomegaly, jaundice, or hemolysis etc.
Erythema migrans is the early clinical hallmark of Lyme disease, and some patients in advanced stages shows nerve and cardiac abnormalities, musculoskeletal symptoms, or periodic joint damage. Therefore, more active monitoring patients with BJNV infection to confirm the typical clinical characteristics is urgent and necessary.
Importantly, migratory birds can act as long-distance disseminators of ticks and the tick-borne pathogens, suggesting that BJNV may have potential global public health implications [ 29 , 30 ]. BJNV is only one of the emerging viruses that have been identified in China, in addition to SFTSV, Alongshan virus, Songling virus, and Tacheng tick virus 1, highlighting the importance of disease surveillance in the discovery of emerging infectious diseases.
In summary, our findings suggest that BJNV may be the cause of a previously unknown febrile disease, and its public health significance necessitates further research in a large geographical region. The research was designed, conducted, analysed, and interpreted by the authors entirely independently of the funding sources. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author s. All data associated with this study are available within the article and its supplementary information. The viral sequences involved in the study have been deposited in GenBank Nucleotide database.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Emerg Microbes Infect v. Emerg Microbes Infect. Published online Jun Find articles by Changfa Fan. Find articles by Youchun Wang. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Wei Wang moc. Youchun Wang nc. Ming Liao nc. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Introduction Ticks rank only second to mosquitoes as arthropod vectors of animal and human pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites [ 1 , 2 ].
Materials and methods Study design and sample collection The cohort study recruited patients who reported being bitten from ticks in the General Forestry Hospital of Inner Mongolia in —, whose blood specimens were collected. Metagenomic analysis Viral metagenomics was conducted as described previously [ 10 , 14 ].
Data analysis We presented continuous measurements as mean standard deviation or standard error if they are normally distributed, as median interquartile range, IQR if they are not, and categorical variables as frequency percentage. Figure 1. Figure 2. Epidemiological investigation During —, a total of patients who were bitten by ticks and admitted to hospital were collected and detected for BJNV and other tick-borne pathogens.
Figure 3. Figure 4. Clinical features The most common symptoms of the 67 BJNV-infected patients were fever 67 patients and headache 66 patients. Results: During the study period, at least one virus was detected in The most frequently detected virus was adenovirus, followed by influenza A and influenza B.
Detection of more than one virus was present in Human bocavirus was common in children who experienced complex FS, while respiratory syncytial virus RSV A was more common in children who experienced simple FS.
Conclusions: This study indicates that respiratory viruses are important in the etiology of FS in children. The results show that antibiotics must be prescribed carefully in children with FS since the majority of cases are related to viral causes.
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