Landfill site selection pdf

Download Free PDF. Landfill site selection with GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation technique. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. Any landfill pro- ject requires identification of the most suitable sites to prevent Introduction environmental adversity. So, this study was conducted to identify candidate landfill sites using geographic information The concept of sustainable development and environment system GIS and multi-criteria evaluation techniques.

Ten can become a source of danger through natural processes, suitability criteria including distance to residential areas, economic activities energy, industry, etc. This is the case of poor waste management, to surface water, groundwater table, land use, distance to primarily the landfills which are a source of air pollution by roads, elevation, and slope are considered in the siting release of noxious odors and gases, chemical and biological assessment.

The thematic maps of all criteria were prepared in water pollution, degradation of life quality in urban areas, GIS environment using Boolean and analytic hierarchy pro- soil contamination by dangerous products pesticides, cess AHP standardization. After hiding unsuitable areas of heavy metals , pollution of coastal and marine environment landfill sites identified by the Boolean method, each criterion Abu-Qdais and Abu-Qudais ; Kontos et al.

The identi- confront the waste management while initiating a series of fied suitable areas will require careful field studies before the strategic actions to reform the waste management sector final decision for landfill site selection.

The problem of solid can help planners and local and regional authorities to better waste about 6 million tons per year in Morocco does not manage the solid waste in the region. However, with the Morocco Municipal Many assessments of urban landfill sites have been Solid Waste MSW Management Program——, done in the main parts of the world, and they have used launched by the Moroccan government, all municipalities various criteria, such as economic, social, and environ- must have access to controlled landfills by With this mental, for site selection.

Spatial analysis was made with quantifiable rounding areas Alanbari et al. These various and data on a number of criteria, using Boolean and AHP multiple economic, social, and environmental criteria methods in a GIS environment. Therefore, GIS-based multi-cri- Materials and methods teria evaluation MCE technique is the ideal tool for such analysis due to its ability to manage large volumes of Study zone spatial data from various sources Kontos et al.

This their ability to manage a large volume of spatial data from administrative region contains five provinces which are a variety of sources Kontos et al. It covers an area of km2 and recorded a predicting the site suitability for waste landfills.

It has been population of 2,,, representing 7. Major sources of income to the population Delgado et al. The Geneletti ; Nas et al.

The average annual rainfall is mm, with an Bahrani et al. In this process of MCA, one of the challenges is to identify the relative score or weight of selected criteria that influence land suitability unequally. While several methods could be used in determining weights of these criteria, it has usually been approached using Boolean logic and analytical hierarchy process AHP based on evaluation criteria.

The annual tem- perature ranges from 3. From a water resources point of view, the region is one of the major water reservoirs in the kingdom, including huge reserves of groundwater and surface water.

The region is experiencing a fast increase in the quantity of MSW generation as a result of rapid growth and urbanization and of change in consumption pattern. In addition, in all municipalities, especially rural, there is no suitable method for the waste storage. Solid waste is often accumulated in wild dumps located on the banks of peri- odic rivers and thalweg or even close to agglomerations.

These places are generally considered as temporary landfill areas. For this, the conception of a controlled landfill, provincial or interprovincial in the region is necessary to protect fertile soils, water resources, and human health and to reduce the negative environmental impacts of waste disposal. The waste in the study zone is dumped often without applying any environmental standards, which increase the environmental problem. Whence, the objective of our study is to con- tribute to solving part of the problem by the proposal of sites capable of harboring solid waste landfills while respecting environmental standards and minimizing the economic cost.

The landfill site selection process followed in this study is illustrated by the flowchart in Fig. It is done in two stages after the selection phase of criteria. The first stage of analysis, using Boolean approach, allowed for the identification of unfavorable areas for landfilling prior to undertaking further investigations of the favorable areas. Constraint criteria used to designate the unfavorable areas have been expressed as a Boolean map in which a scale value of 0 was assigned to the excluded areas and a scale value of 1 was assigned to those potentially suitable for landfilling Eastman et al.

The second stage Fig. Following this, criteria to assess the ability of a site to satisfy our objec- the landfill suitability map was generated by overlaying tives. Particularly, there are no predefined and systematic raster maps of all elements, using the weighted overlay construction methods of specific criteria, and also the raster analysis. Moroccan law on waste management and their disposal presents no requirement for the optimal choice of the Criteria selection and data processing potential landfill site.

The criteria used in this study were selected under consideration of the literature e. The first fundamental step of Beskese et al. They were The thematic maps of all criteria were realized using classified into two main groups: 1 economic group ArcGIS The final suitability map was derived using tance to residential areas, geology, water resources, and raster calculator and overlay analysis tools in ArcGIS Each criterion is decom- software for the spatial analyst. Chosen in order to reduce negative social and environ- Boolean and AHP methods mental impacts, these considered criteria were classified as constraint and factor.

Geologic distance to fault , water Boolean logic In this study, the Boolean logic was used resource, slope, land use forest and agriculture , distance in the early stage of the analysis to delineate the areas to residential areas, and roads criteria were used as con- considered suitable for waste disposal for each of the straints exclusion criteria to exclude the areas where constraints maps.

This method is mostly used in the early landfills cannot be installed due to the potential risk on screening stages Kamran or when parameter maps environment and human health or due to the excessive cost.

It transforms related information from Larache, and Chefchaouen in Morocco Ezzouaq and each input raster map into binary form true or false or 0 and Chouaouta Table 2 were applied in the present 1. These classes 0 and 1 were assigned to areas excluded investigation. This analysis provides us a map with from consideration restricted areas and others desired excluded and acceptable areas. The acceptable areas were areas, respectively Malczewski At the end, in at the second stage of the analysis which is based on all order to prepare final suitability map for landfilling, all selected criteria.

In this model, all teria were collected from various sources. Administrative binary maps were considered of equal importance of boundary map with province limits of the study area was delineating areas suitable for waste disposal, and conse- downloaded from the High Commission for Planning, quently, an equal weighting was assigned to all binary Morocco The geologic map was digitized from thematic maps.

The road map was created from , scale alternatives in the study region. Landfill susceptibility road network maps Ministry of Equipment and Transport mapping requires the application of multi-criteria approach The geo-referencing followed by the digitization of and spatial analysis method for the decision-making pro- all previous base maps has been used to prepare their cess.

The digital elevation approaches that are widely used to convert spatial and non- model DEM with a 30—30 m resolution of the study area, spatial data into information used to assist in making crit- downloaded from ASTER GDEM, was used to obtain ical decisions e.

The land use map was Gorsevski et al. The processing and analysis of satellite images were for expressing preferences regarding the relative impor- made using ENVI 5. It was classified using tance of each factor. To determine the weights of the fac- supervised classification technique and field information tors which have unequal levels of importance, the AHP and Google Earth image.

Groundwater level data were method, one of the most widely known and used approa- collected from wells over the study area. Groundwater ches to handling multiple and heterogeneous factors, has level map was prepared using inverse distance weighting been applied.

The calculated weights derives the weights of the parameters, by following three are within the range of 0—1, and their sum is equal to 1 different steps Elaalem et al. The first step was to Malczewski ; Ozturk and Batuk In this study, construct the decision-making problem into a hierarchical an AHP Excel template was used to compute the weight of structure including objectives, criteria, sub-criteria, and all factors relatively to their suitability, and the results are alternatives.

The hierarchical model used in this study is listed in Table 1. In order to check that these weights are listed in Fig. For this study, the the pairwise comparison matrix. The pairwise comparison results of this stage are shown in Table 1. The CR com- matrix of various criteria included in the same level is puted at each level of hierarchy is less than 0. Once the manner: pairwise matrix is made, the weights are determined by Xn normalizing the pairwise comparison matrix.

Then, the where n is the total number of LS criteria, wi is the weight weights are obtained by measuring the mean of elements in index of factor, and xi is the weight index of sub-criteria. Higher LSI values indicate areas more suitable for landfills. The buffer map was to residential areas, aspect wind , geology lithology , converted to raster map with a 30 9 30 m resolution, and distance to faults, distance to surface water, groundwater each buffer zone was weighted by AHP Table 1.

The main reason for using these criteria is their frequent and Elevation adequate utilization for assessment of areas suitability for landfilling.

The influence of these criteria varied according Areas with high altitude or high slope are not suitable landfill to the studied zone specificities. The criteria used are sites. The elevation is an important factor that has an effect explained in detail in the following sections. The buffers on other selection factor, namely slope and aspect. Also, for each criterion were developed according to the classi- higher elevation makes access difficult and leads to higher fication reported in Ezzouaq and Chouaouta The elevation map struction of road servicing the landfill and to further reduce was prepared from the digital elevation model DEM of the the cost of transportation.

Therefore, in this study, the road study area Fig. Much of the region is characterized by network map including highway, main roads, and sec- an altitude between and m.

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